{"id":2117,"date":"2026-07-24T11:02:20","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T11:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lopezdeheredia.destinoexterior.net\/la-tonnellerie\/histoire\/"},"modified":"2026-10-29T21:49:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T21:49:59","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lopezdeheredia.destinoexterior.net\/fr\/la-tonnellerie\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoire"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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La noblesse du ch\u00eane<\/h1>\n

Les barriques ou tonneaux en bois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s depuis toujours comme moyen de transport du vin. Pline l’Ancien en faisait d\u00e9j\u00e0 mention dans ses \u00e9crits, et il attribuait son origine aux celtes, qui transportaient en son int\u00e9rieur non seulement du vin, mais aussi tout type de marchandises.<\/p>\n

Les Romains, qui utilisaient l\u2019amphore, adopt\u00e8rent enfin la barrique de bois dans le m\u00eame but. Lors de leurs conqu\u00eates, ils implant\u00e8rent son usage dans toutes les r\u00e9gions productrices de vin du pourtour m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. \u00c0 leur tour, celles-ci leur enseign\u00e8rent l\u2019art de la tonnellerie. <\/p>\n

Au cours du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, les barriques servaient de conteneur lors du transport maritime. C\u2019est de l\u00e0 que vient le nom \u00ab tonnage \u00bb comme capacit\u00e9 de charge des navires, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au nombre de tonneaux que celui-ci pouvait transporter.<\/p>\n

\"tonelero\"
\n L\u2019un de nos ma\u00eetre tonneliers \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre<\/span><\/p>\n

Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une bonne partie du XXe si\u00e8cle, toute une gamme de produits comme l\u2019huile, les poissons secs sal\u00e9s, le sel, le sucre, etc. \u00e9taient stock\u00e9s et transport\u00e9s dans des barriques en bois. \u00c0 partir des ann\u00e9es 50 et 60, d\u2019autres mat\u00e9riaux \u2013 surtout l\u2019acier inoxydable- ont remplac\u00e9 le bois, qui ne r\u00e9siste que pour la maturation du vin.<\/p>\n

Le volume standard d\u2019une barrique est de 225 litres, taille adapt\u00e9e au transport. Plus tard, cette taille a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Bordeaux car elle \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme id\u00e9ale gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa surface de contact entre le vin et le bois, qui avait un effet positif sur le transfert des ar\u00f4mes. C\u2019est ce que l\u2019on appelle la barrique bordelaise, tandis que celle de Bourgogne atteint une capacit\u00e9 de 300 litres.<\/p>\n

L\u2019utilisation de la barrique bordelaise s\u2019est r\u00e9pandue et, de nos jours, c\u2019est une taille obligatoire de la Rioja qui d\u00e9termine le temps n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019\u00e9levage afin de consid\u00e9rer un vin comme \u00ab Crianza \u00bb, \u00ab Reserva \u00bb ou \u00ab Gran Reserva \u00bb lors de sa commercialisation, qui est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par le Conseil R\u00e9gulateur de l\u2019AOC de la Rioja.<\/p>\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les barriques de ch\u00eane ne sont pas seulement des r\u00e9cipients qui contiennent du vin : elles jouent un r\u00f4le actif lors du d\u00e9veloppement et de la maturit\u00e9 de son potentiel organoleptique. D\u2019autres bois utilis\u00e9s comme le ch\u00e2taignier, l\u2019orme ou le cerisier ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9tr\u00f4n\u00e9s par le ch\u00eane, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s sans \u00e9gales : r\u00e9sistance physique \u00e0 la filtration, \u00e9lasticit\u00e9, \u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9, r\u00e9sistance au d\u00e9veloppement microbien (ce qui le rend plus hygi\u00e9nique), etc.<\/p>\n

Omettant les diverses caract\u00e9ristiques intrins\u00e8ques de chaque composant du vin (vari\u00e9t\u00e9, titre alcoolique, acidit\u00e9, composition ph\u00e9nolique, etc.), la barrique n\u2019implique pas seulement le contact avec le bois. Il existe diff\u00e9rents facteurs qui font du bin\u00f4me vin-bois l\u2019un des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9lection les plus complexes, d\u00e9cisifs de l\u2019art, difficile, de l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un vin de qualit\u00e9 supr\u00eame.<\/p>\n

Parmi les facteurs les plus importants pour la s\u00e9lection des barriques se trouvent : l\u2019origine, l\u2019\u00e2ge, le s\u00e9chage du ch\u00eane ; la coupe et l\u2019\u00e9paisseur des douelles ; le dressage de la barrique ; la jointure des douelles ; le type de chauffe ; le lavage de la barrique neuve ; le bondage ; le remplissage ; les d\u00e9cuvages ; les conditions environnementales de la cave et la dur\u00e9e de vie de la barrique.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9levage en barrique de ch\u00eane conf\u00e8re un certain
\n charisme aux vins de la Rioja, en leur offrant une grande distinction par
\n rapport aux vins en provenance d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions du monde. De
\n ce c\u00f4t\u00e9, la Rioja enregistre la plus grande concentration de
\n barriques du monde : 939 454 barriques de 225l. Nos caves comptent \u00e0 elles
\n seules 15.000 unit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La noblesse du ch\u00eane Les barriques ou tonneaux en bois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s depuis toujours comme moyen de transport du vin. Pline l’Ancien en faisait d\u00e9j\u00e0 mention dans ses \u00e9crits, et il attribuait son origine aux celtes, qui transportaient en son int\u00e9rieur non seulement du vin, mais aussi tout type de marchandises. Les Romains, qui […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2023,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"plantilla":[47],"class_list":["post-2117","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","plantilla-caja"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHistoire - R. L\u00f3pez de Heredia Vi\u00f1a Tondonia, S.A.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lopezdeheredia.destinoexterior.net\/fr\/la-tonnellerie\/histoire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Histoire - R. L\u00f3pez de Heredia Vi\u00f1a Tondonia, S.A.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La noblesse du ch\u00eane Les barriques ou tonneaux en bois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s depuis toujours comme moyen de transport du vin. Pline l’Ancien en faisait d\u00e9j\u00e0 mention dans ses \u00e9crits, et il attribuait son origine aux celtes, qui transportaient en son int\u00e9rieur non seulement du vin, mais aussi tout type de marchandises. 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